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A Groundwater-Flow Model and Effective Nitrate Calculator for Waupaca, Wisconsin
The City of Waupaca, Wisconsin, uses groundwater pumped from a network of seven high-capacity wells as its municipal water supply. Recent increases in the concentration of nitrate in the municipal water supply raised questions about the source of this contamination and whether it might eventually exceed standards for drinking water. This study combines...-
Geodatabase of Study Data from Waupaca, Wisconsin [dataset 1]
2022
GIS Data: Geodatabase (.gdb file format)
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Groundwater Flow Modeling Files from Waupaca, Wisconsin [dataset 2]
2022
Data: Groundwater-flow model files
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Nitrate Calculators for Municipal Wells in Waupaca, Wisconsin [dataset 3]
2022
Data: Spreadsheets (.xlsx file format)
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Applications of the Columbia County, Wisconsin, Groundwater-Flow Model
Computerized groundwater-flow models provide scientific analysis of water resources. Since its initial development in 2014, the Columbia County groundwater-flow model has been used to respond to requests for information about specific groundwater and land use issues. This companion report to the Hydrogeology and simulation of groundwater flow in Columbia... -
Hydrogeology and Simulation of Groundwater Flow in Columbia County, Wisconsin
The WGNHS and the U.S. Geological Survey characterized the hydrogeology and developed a groundwater flow model to assess groundwater resources in Columbia County. This report describes regionally extensive aquifers and presents several extensive datasets collected from deep wells across the county. The report also documents the construction and... -
Quaternary Geology of Fond du Lac County, Wisconsin
The Quaternary geology of Fond du Lac County consists of glacial deposits and landforms dating to the last part of the Wisconsin Glaciation (ca. 20,000 to 12,000 yr BP) and nonglacial deposits and landforms of Holocene age (11,700 yr BP to present). Glacial till and meltwater sediment were deposited by the Green Bay and Lake Michigan Lobes of the...-
B116 Plate 1: Quaternary Geology of Fond du Lac County, Wisconsin
2021
Map: 32 in x 20.25 in, scale 1:100,000
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Mineral Assessments for Conservation Easements in Wisconsin
If you’re thinking about donating land as a conservation easement but don’t own the subsurface (known as “severed mineral rights”), then you’ll need an assessment of the land’s mineral potential to determine whether the easement will qualify as a charitable tax deduction. Geologists at the Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey perform this... -
Depth-to-Bedrock Mapping in Wisconsin
Depth-to-bedrock maps show the thickness of unconsolidated materials overlying bedrock. These maps provide a key link between the underlying geology, groundwater flow, and land use and are important in guiding activities such as permitting, bridge construction, and the land application of waste products in sensitive areas. Given their role in guiding... -
Depth-to-Bedrock Map of Dodge County, Wisconsin
This map shows thicknesses of deposits of unconsolidated materials above the bedrock. Across the county, depth to bedrock ranges from 0 feet, where bedrock is exposed, to over 250 feet within bedrock valleys. Areas with bedrock depths shallower than 20 feet are of particular importance for land-use planning and to the construction stone industry. Such...-
WOFR2021-03 Plate 1: Depth-to-Bedrock Map of Dodge County, Wisconsin
2021
Map: 25 in x 25 in, scale 1:100,000
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Quaternary Geology of Columbia, Green Lake, and Marquette Counties, Wisconsin
Columbia, Green Lake, and Marquette Counties were glaciated during the last ice age, and large areas were inundated with water from proglacial lakes and large meltwater rivers that occupied the valleys of the existing Wisconsin and Fox Rivers. These processes resulted in rolling upland hills, including drumlins punctuated by low-lying areas dominated by...-
B114 Plate 1: Quaternary Geology of Columbia, Green Lake, and Marquette Counties, Wisconsin
2021
Map: 35 in x 34 in, scale 1:100,000
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Florence Iron Mine: Historical Maps Showing Location of Surface Development, Regional Setting, and Underground Workings
From 1880 to 1931, an extensive iron mine operated near the city of Florence in northeast Wisconsin. These 21 maps from its middle years of operation are the only surviving records of what exists below the surface. These maps are of historical interest for their record of surface features that are no longer in existence. They may also have potential...-
WOFR2018-03 Plate 1: Extent of Florence Mine Surface Development in 1903
1903
Map: 56 in x 35.1 in, scale 1 in = 100 ft
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WOFR2018-03 Plate 2: Florence Mine Surface Development in 1903 with Annotated Shaft Locations
1903
Map: 33.3 in x 38.2 in, scale 1 in = 100 ft
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WOFR2018-03 Plate 3: Mines in the Area Adjacent to the City of Florence in 1928
1928
Map: 29.7 in x 19.7 in, scale 1 in = 1/4 mile
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WOFR2018-03 Plate 4: Florence Iron Mining District Covering Part of Florence County
Map: 36.3 in x 26.8 in, scale 1 in = 1/2 mile
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WOFR2018-03 Plate 5: Florence Mine Level 1 with Annotated Shaft Locations and Surface Features
Map: 52.8 in x 24.3 in, scale 1 in = 100 ft
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WOFR2018-03 Plate 6: Florence Mine Level 1, Southeast Ore Zone
Map: 28.6 in x 19 in, scale 1 in = 60 ft
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WOFR2018-03 Plate 7: Florence Mine Level 1, Northwest Ore Zone
1910
Map: 27 in x 19 in, scale 1 in = 60 ft
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WOFR2018-03 Plate 8: Florence Mine Level 2, Southeast Ore Zone
Map: 28.7 in x 18.6 in, scale 1 in = 60 ft
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WOFR2018-03 Plate 9: Florence Mine Level 2, Northwest Ore Zone
1907
Map: 27.1 in x 18.8 in, scale 1 in = 60 ft
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Geologic Map of the Baraboo 7.5-Minute Quadrangle, Sauk County, Wisconsin
The Baraboo quadrangle, records where glaciers stopped in the east-central Baraboo Hills. On this map, 1:24,000 scale, Precambrian igneous and metasedimentary rocks are overlain by Paleozoic sedimentary rocks and, more recently, by glacial deposits. Superb exposures of all three can be found in Devils Lake State Park and Parfreys Glen State Natural Area.-
Geologic Map of the Baraboo 7.5-Minute Quadrangle, Sauk County, Wisconsin
2021
Map: 35 in x 37 in, scale 1:24,000
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Geologic Map of the Rock Springs 7.5-Minute Quadrangle, Sauk County, Wisconsin
The Rock Springs quadrangle is located in the western Baraboo Hills of south-central Wisconsin. This map, 1:24,000 scale, conveys the rich Precambrian through Quaternary history present on the ground. Here, ancient rocks metamorphosed and folded and were later displaced by a series of faults. Although never glaciated, an ice sheet 8 kilometers to the east...-
Geologic Map of the Rock Springs 7.5-Minute Quadrangle, Sauk County, Wisconsin
2021
Map: 40 in x 36.5 in, scale 1:24,000
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Potential Effects of Climate Change on Stream Temperature in the Marengo River Headwaters
Cold-water trout habitat in Wisconsin is projected to substantially decrease as a result of climate change. The extent of habitat loss depends, in part, on groundwater discharge to streams, which can provide cool-water refuges for trout. Survey hydrogeologists used field measurements and models of groundwater flow and stream temperature to evaluate how...-
B115 Dataset 1: GFLOW Groundwater Flow Model of the Marengo River Headwaters
2021
Data: Groundwater flow model
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B115 Dataset 2: Geodatabase—Three Baseflow Scenarios for the Marengo River Headwaters
2021
GIS Data: File geodatabase
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B115 Dataset 3: Measurements of Water Chemistry, Streamflow, and Stream Temperature from the Marengo River Headwaters
2021
Data: Data (spreadsheets)
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B115 Plate 2: Simulated Baseflow of the Marengo River Headwaters with 21% Increase in Recharge
2021
Map: 11 in x 17 in
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B115 Plate 3: Simulated Baseflow of the Marengo River Headwaters with 12% Decrease in Recharge
2021
Map: 11 in x 17 in
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Bedrock Geology of Dodge County, Wisconsin
Dodge County lies in southeast Wisconsin, an area almost entirely covered by glacial deposits. This map interprets the distribution of the buried bedrock units across the county. Geologist Esther Stewart’s refinement of the bedrock elevation contours may help land-use planners identify areas most susceptible to groundwater contamination from applications...-
Data Accompanying M508: Bedrock Geology of Dodge County, Wisconsin
2021
Data: Tabular data files (Excel)
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Water-Quality Indicators of Human Impacts to the Wetlands of Door County, Wisconsin
Door County, the narrow peninsula in eastern Wisconsin, is home to numerous wetlands, many of which are fed by groundwater. Poor-quality groundwater discharging to a wetland can alter the ecology of the wetland and harm native plant and animal communities. This report documents a one-year study of six wetlands. Researchers recorded water quality and... -
Geologic Map of the North Freedom 7.5-Minute Quadrangle, Sauk County, Wisconsin
The North Freedom quadrangle is located on the South Range of the Baraboo Hills in south-central Wisconsin. The Baraboo Hills are recognized for their ecologic and geologic significance, with superb exposure of Precambrian and Paleozoic rocks and Quaternary sediments. Mapping focused on the Precambrian section, building on past work by subdividing and...-
Geologic Map of the North Freedom 7.5-Minute Quadrangle, Sauk County, Wisconsin
2020
Map: Scale 1:24,000, 40 in x 37 in
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Data accompanying M506: Geologic Map of the North Freedom 7.5-Minute Quadrangle, Sauk County, Wisconsin
2020
GIS Data: Geodatabase, metadata
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Quaternary Geology of Oneida County, Wisconsin
Oneida County, in northern Wisconsin, is a mostly forested area dotted with lakes and wetlands. The watery landscape is a legacy of a time when glaciers flowed across the area. Geologists Attig and Rawling mapped the Quaternary geology of the county, documenting where the glaciers paused, the sediments that were deposited, and the landforms that were...-
Data Accompanying M507: Quaternary Geology of Oneida County, Wisconsin
2020
GIS Data: GeMS file geodatabase, metadata
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Assessing Groundwater Quality in Kewaunee County, Wisconsin, and Characterizing the Timing and Variability of Enteric Pathogen Contamination within the Dolomite Aquifer in Northeastern Wisconsin
Documentation of two studies looking at the Silurian dolomite aquifer in northeastern Wisconsin. Researchers quantified the extent of contamination from coliform bacteria, E. coli, and nitrate in Kewaunee County’s private wells. They also examined how wastewater from septic systems and livestock manure interact with environmental conditions and geology... -
Assessing Seasonal Variations in Recharge and Water Quality in the Silurian Aquifer in Areas with Thicker Soil Cover
Documentation of variations in groundwater levels and selected water-quality parameters in four wells completed in the Silurian dolomite aquifer in northeast Wisconsin (Brown, Calumet, Kewaunee, and Manitowoc Counties).-
Assessing Seasonal Variations in Recharge and Water Quality in the Silurian Aquifer in Areas with Thicker Soil Cover
2019
Report: 38 p. + appendix (4 oversized pages)
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Methods and Best Practices for Surveying Springs in Wisconsin
Description of the field methods and data management procedures used to produce the Springs Inventory (see Bulletin 113). -
An Inventory of Springs in Wisconsin
Report, database, field protocol, photos, and site sketches documenting the multi-year project inventorying springs in Wisconsin with discharge rates of at least 0.25 cubic feet per second.
Publications Catalog
Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey
