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Bayfield County, Wisconsin, groundwater, hydrogeology, water-table elevation
These data accompany the "Generalized water-table elevation map in agricultural regions of Bayfield County, Wisconsin," plate 1 of Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey Technical Report 2. The map and a series of hydrogeologic cross sections (plate 2 of the report) were developed using information from 660 wells located within and adjacent to the study area, previously published maps of surficial and bedrock geology, and an existing groundwater flow model. The compilation and interpretation of data was intended to support discussions and decisions surrounding land use in the study area.
This vector dataset includes features that represent water-table elevation (contour lines), groundwater flow direction (lines), a groundwater divide (polygon), and water wells within the study area (points). The data were compiled and interpreted for display at the 1:100,000-scale and may not be appropriate for use at other scales without verification.
Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey (WGNHS), UW-Extension, with support from the Bayfield County Board of Supervisors and its Large-Scale Livestock Study Committee. Well data from construction records submitted to the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources mainly between 1988 and 2010. Groundwater flow model, Bradbury and others, unpublished data.
This map is an interpretation of the data available at the time of preparation. Every reasonable effort has been made to ensure that this interpretation conforms to sound scientific and cartographic principles; however, the map should not be used to guide site-specific decisions without verification. Proper use of the map is the sole responsibility of the user. These data represent work performed by the Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey. Please contact gis@wgnhs.uwex.edu with any questions or comments.
THESE DATA ARE PROVIDED BY THE WISCONSIN GEOLOGICAL AND NATURAL HISTORY SURVEY (WGNHS) ON AN "AS IS" BASIS. WGNHS WILL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY DAMAGES OF ANY KIND ARISING FROM THE USE OF THESE DATA, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO DIRECT, INDIRECT, PUNITIVE, AND CONSEQUENTIAL. WGNHS MAKES NO WARRANTIES ON THESE DATA, EXPRESS, IMPLIED, STATUTORY, OR IN ANY OTHER PROVISION OF ANY AGREEMENT OR COMMUNICATION, AND SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
Extent
West | -91.575449 | East | -90.740498 |
North | 47.004924 | South | 46.147878 |
Maximum (zoomed in) | 1:50,000 |
Minimum (zoomed out) | 1:500,000 |
Suggested citation: Gotkowitz, M.B., and Li, Yang, 2016, Groundwater and wells in agricultural regions of Bayfield County, Wisconsin: Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey Technical Report 2, 13 p., 2 plates, scale 1:100,000.
This dataset is comprised of these features: water-table elevation contours (ba_wt_contours) groundwater flow direction (ba_flowLines) groundwater divide area (ba_gwdivideArea) well locations (ba_wt_wellpoints) Note: Technical Report 2 replaces Open-File Report 2015-04.
Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey (WGNHS), UW-Extension, with support from the Bayfield County Board of Supervisors and its Large-Scale Livestock Study Committee. Well data from construction records submitted to the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources mainly between 1988 and 2010. Groundwater flow model, Bradbury and others, unpublished data.
Area in and adjacent to the two agricultural regions of Bayfield County, Wisconsin.
This map is an interpretation of the data available at the time of preparation. Every reasonable effort has been made to ensure that this interpretation conforms to sound scientific and cartographic principles; however, the map should not be used to guide site-specific decisions without verification. Proper use of the map is the sole responsibility of the user. These data represent work performed by the Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey. Please contact gis@wgnhs.uwex.edu with any questions or comments.
THESE DATA ARE PROVIDED BY THE WISCONSIN GEOLOGICAL AND NATURAL HISTORY SURVEY (WGNHS) ON AN "AS IS" BASIS. WGNHS WILL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY DAMAGES OF ANY KIND ARISING FROM THE USE OF THESE DATA, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO DIRECT, INDIRECT, PUNITIVE, AND CONSEQUENTIAL. WGNHS MAKES NO WARRANTIES ON THESE DATA, EXPRESS, IMPLIED, STATUTORY, OR IN ANY OTHER PROVISION OF ANY AGREEMENT OR COMMUNICATION, AND SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
Well construction report data for 660 wells, located within and adjacent to the study area, was derived from source files provided by the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources in 2010. Records were reviewed for locational accuracy and other attributes of the wells captured on the WCR, such as well construction, hydrologic, and geologic observations. For the water-table elevation map and cross sections, wells were classified as being completed in one of three types of material: sediment (sand, or sand and gravel); sandstone; or bedrock other than sandstone, such as basalt. The map was developed from a model-simulated elevation of the water table (Bradbury and others, in review). The water-table elevation within the agricultural areas was subsequently refined by evaluating it for consistency with elevations of land surface, streams, lakes, and the reported groundwater level in wells completed above bedrock. Water-table contours outside the agricultural regions were not similarly evaluated. In the data, those contours were assigned a confidence level of 'approximate' and on the map, they are shown as dashed lines to indicate more uncertainty in their location. The groundwater divide and flow arrows were added to further illustrate primary groundwater flow. The features were digitized on-screen. Their position and direction should be considered conceptual. Topology checks were made on feature geometry; and feature length and area measures were checked for appropriate values. Attribute values were validated to be within the appropriate domain. Visual inspections were made on-screen and using check plots. Geodatabase features were exported to shapefile format for digital distribution and to eps or pdf for use in final map production.
Bradbury, K.R., Mauel, S.M., Schoephoester, P.R., Fehling, A.C., Leaf, A.T., Hunt, R.J., Juckem, P.F., and Pruitt, A., in review, Characterization of groundwater resources in the Washburn/Great Divide Unit of the Chequamegon-Nicolet National Forest, Wisconsin: Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey. Data from the model provided initial water-table elevation contour lines which were then further refined for the two agricultural regions of the study area of this map.
Well construction records (WCRs) were compiled from Wisconsin DNR sources (approximate dates 1988-2010). WCRs provided point locations and descriptions of geology, elevation and depth to bedrock.
Agricultural regions of Bayfield County, Wisconsin. Vector polygons of the study area provided by Bayfield County staff. The data were projected to Wisconsin Transverse Mercator HARN (1991 adjustment to the datum of 1983) for this map.
County boundaries (WI_County_Bnds) shapefile. This polygon feature class was created by the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (WDNR) and represents boundaries of the 72 counties in Wisconsin. The data is derived from 1:24,000-scale (USGS 7.5-minute Topographic Map Series) sources. ftp://dnrftp01.wi.gov/geodata/ The source provided [non-shoreline] boundaries for Bayfield and adjacent counties.
WDNR 24K HYDRO GEODATABASE (WDNR_HYDRO_24K). The geodatabase, modeled after the National Hydrography Database--NHD, was created and is managed by the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (WDNR). The dataset (W2334.WD_HYDRO_DATA_24K) contains feature classes representing surface water features in Wisconsin. The data are derived from 1:24,000-scale sources. ftp://dnrftp01.wi.gov/geodata/hydro_24k/ The source provided the waterbody/shoreline for Lake Superior.
Hydrography (Wis_HydroLine_Dnr_100k_1998 and Wis_HydroArea_Dnr_100k_1998) shapefiles. The 1:100,000-scale Hydrography data layer is derived from USGS 1:100,000-scale Digital Line Graphs (DLGs). WDNR enhancements to the source DLG data include conversion to ArcInfo format, edgematching of internal DLG files, and restructuring of feature attribute codes. ftp://dnrftp01.wi.gov/geodata/ The source provided permanent streams and inland shorelines at the final map scale.
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