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Assessing private well contamination in Grant, Iowa, and Lafayette counties: The southwest Wisconsin groundwater and geology study
The southwest Wisconsin groundwater and geology study (SWIGG) was a cooperative effort between Grant, Iowa, and Lafayette county governments, with scientists from the U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Marshfield Clinic Research Institute, and WGNHS. Researchers tested water quality in hundreds of private water wells across the three...-
Assessing private well contamination in Grant, Iowa, and Lafayette counties: The southwest Wisconsin groundwater and geology study
2023
Report: 47 p. (report) + 24 p. (appendices)
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Central Sands nitrate and neonicotinoids database
The Central Sands nitrate and neonicotinoid database consists of over 100,000 measurements of nitrate and neonicotinoid concentrations in groundwater from wells across Adams, Juneau, Marquette, Portage, Waushara, and Wood counties collected between 1953 and 2021. These counties comprise the Central Sands Groundwater County Collaborative (GSGCC), which... -
Evaluating pXRF instrument performance using reference materials
The portable X-Ray Fluorescence (pXRF) instrument provides fast, real-time, non-destructive, multi-element geochemical data (i.e. elemental concentrations) on rocks and minerals at a relatively low cost and with minimal sample preparation. This study quantifies the precision and accuracy of measurements collected by the WGNHS pXRF on reference materials...-
Evaluating pXRF instrument performance using reference materials
2023
Report: 50 p. (report) + 31 p. (appendices)
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Elevation contours of the Precambrian surface of south-central Wisconsin
Elevation contour data and an accompanying report provide an updated interpretation of the elevation of the top of Precambrian bedrock in south-central Wisconsin. The elevation surface was developed from geologic and geophysical data, and provides new detail on the entrenched bedrock valleys that were incised into the north and south ranges of the Baraboo...-
Elevation contours of the Precambrian surface of south-central Wisconsin [dataset 1]
2022
GIS Data: File geodatabase, metadata
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Hydrogeology of the sandy uplands of the Bayfield Peninsula, Wisconsin
The sandy uplands of the Bayfield Peninsula are primary contributors to regional groundwater recharge and provide baseflow to streams in the area. Few data exist, however, to characterize upland hydrogeology or its susceptibility to groundwater contamination. Here, data from two new cores and wells, one existing well, and a lake in the sandy uplands...-
Rotosonic core data from the sandy uplands of the Bayfield Peninsula, Wisconsin [dataset 1]
2022
Data: Spreadsheets (.csv)
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Water-level measurements from two monitoring wells in the sandy uplands of the Bayfield Peninsula, Wisconsin [dataset 2]
2022
Data: Spreadsheets (.csv)
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Geologic map of the Bloomington and Brodtville 7.5-minute quadrangles, Grant County, Wisconsin
The geologic map of the Bloomington and Brodtville quadrangles includes 1:24,000 scale mapping of both surficial and bedrock geology. There is little structural folding or faulting in this portion of the Driftless Area. Thus, it is ideal for studying the hydrostratigraphic framework of the mapped units. The accompanying report presents stratigraphic...-
Geologic map of the Bloomington and Brodtville 7.5-minute quadrangles, Grant County, Wisconsin
2022
Map: 41 in x 35 in, scale 1:24,000
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GIS data for the geologic map of the Bloomington and Brodtville 7.5-minute quadrangles, Grant County, Wisconsin [dataset 1]
2022
GIS Data: File geodatabase
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Quaternary Geology of Jefferson County, Wisconsin
The Quaternary geologic map of Jefferson County, Wisconsin, provides details about the surficial sediment and landscapes that were formed largely in the footprint of the Laurentide Ice Sheet's southern Green Bay Lobe during the late Wisconsin Glaciation (ca. 20,000 years before present). These landscapes include lowlands underlain by glacial and...-
GIS Data for Quaternary Geology of Jefferson County, Wisconsin [dataset 1]
2022
GIS Data: GeMS file geodatabase, shapefiles, metadata
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Quaternary Geology of Jefferson County, Wisconsin [plate 1]
2022
Map: 34.5 in x 18 in, scale 1:100,000
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Wisconsin Groundwater-Level Monitoring Network Improvements, 2018-2021
This report documents work completed as part of a grant from the U.S. Geological Survey’s National Groundwater Monitoring Network (NGWMN) program. It provides an overview of the Wisconsin Groundwater-Level Monitoring Network (WGLMN) and provides detailed description of well evaluation and repair activities, and drilling of new monitoring wells across the... -
Geologic map of the Castle Rock and Long Hollow 7.5-minute quadrangles, Grant County, Wisconsin
The geologic map of the Castle Rock and Long Hollow quadrangles includes 1:24,000 scale mapping of both surficial and bedrock geology. The accompanying report presents new observations about bedrock folds and fracture sets in this portion of the Driftless Area that lies just north of the main Upper Mississippi Valley zinc-lead mineral district. The...-
Geologic map of the Castle Rock and Long Hollow 7.5-minute quadrangles, Grant County, Wisconsin (revised 2022)
2022
Map: 48 in x 36 in, scale 1:24,000
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GIS data for the geologic map of the Castle Rock and Long Hollow 7.5-minute quadrangles, Grant County, Wisconsin [dataset 1]
2022
GIS Data: File geodatabase
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A Groundwater-Flow Model and Effective Nitrate Calculator for Waupaca, Wisconsin
The City of Waupaca, Wisconsin, uses groundwater pumped from a network of seven high-capacity wells as its municipal water supply. Recent increases in the concentration of nitrate in the municipal water supply raised questions about the source of this contamination and whether it might eventually exceed standards for drinking water. This study combines...-
Geodatabase of Study Data from Waupaca, Wisconsin [dataset 1]
2022
GIS Data: Geodatabase (.gdb file format)
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Groundwater Flow Modeling Files from Waupaca, Wisconsin [dataset 2]
2022
Data: Groundwater-flow model files
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Nitrate Calculators for Municipal Wells in Waupaca, Wisconsin [dataset 3]
2022
Data: Spreadsheets (.xlsx file format)
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Applications of the Columbia County, Wisconsin, Groundwater-Flow Model
Computerized groundwater-flow models provide scientific analysis of water resources. Since its initial development in 2014, the Columbia County groundwater-flow model has been used to respond to requests for information about specific groundwater and land use issues. This companion report to the Hydrogeology and simulation of groundwater flow in Columbia... -
Hydrogeology and Simulation of Groundwater Flow in Columbia County, Wisconsin
The WGNHS and the U.S. Geological Survey characterized the hydrogeology and developed a groundwater flow model to assess groundwater resources in Columbia County. This report describes regionally extensive aquifers and presents several extensive datasets collected from deep wells across the county. The report also documents the construction and... -
Quaternary Geology of Fond du Lac County, Wisconsin
The Quaternary geology of Fond du Lac County consists of glacial deposits and landforms dating to the last part of the Wisconsin Glaciation (ca. 20,000 to 12,000 yr BP) and nonglacial deposits and landforms of Holocene age (11,700 yr BP to present). Glacial till and meltwater sediment were deposited by the Green Bay and Lake Michigan Lobes of the...-
Quaternary Geology of Fond du Lac County, Wisconsin [plate 1]
2021
Map: 32 in x 20.25 in, scale 1:100,000
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Mineral Assessments for Conservation Easements in Wisconsin
If you’re thinking about donating land as a conservation easement but don’t own the subsurface (known as “severed mineral rights”), then you’ll need an assessment of the land’s mineral potential to determine whether the easement will qualify as a charitable tax deduction. Geologists at the Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey perform this... -
Depth-to-Bedrock Mapping in Wisconsin
Depth-to-bedrock maps show the thickness of unconsolidated materials overlying bedrock. These maps provide a key link between the underlying geology, groundwater flow, and land use and are important in guiding activities such as permitting, bridge construction, and the land application of waste products in sensitive areas. Given their role in guiding... -
Depth-to-Bedrock Map of Dodge County, Wisconsin
This map shows thicknesses of deposits of unconsolidated materials above the bedrock. Across the county, depth to bedrock ranges from 0 feet, where bedrock is exposed, to over 250 feet within bedrock valleys. Areas with bedrock depths shallower than 20 feet are of particular importance for land-use planning and to the construction stone industry. Such... -
Quaternary Geology of Columbia, Green Lake, and Marquette Counties, Wisconsin
Columbia, Green Lake, and Marquette Counties were glaciated during the last ice age, and large areas were inundated with water from proglacial lakes and large meltwater rivers that occupied the valleys of the existing Wisconsin and Fox Rivers. These processes resulted in rolling upland hills, including drumlins punctuated by low-lying areas dominated by...-
Quaternary Geology of Columbia, Green Lake, and Marquette Counties, Wisconsin [plate 1]
2021
Map: 35 in x 34 in, scale 1:100,000
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Florence Iron Mine: Historical Maps Showing Location of Surface Development, Regional Setting, and Underground Workings
From 1880 to 1931, an extensive iron mine operated near the city of Florence in northeast Wisconsin. These 21 maps from its middle years of operation are the only surviving records of what exists below the surface. These maps are of historical interest for their record of surface features that are no longer in existence. They may also have potential...-
Extent of Florence Mine Surface Development in 1903 [plate 1]
2021
Map: 56 in x 35.1 in, scale 1 in = 100 ft
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Florence Mine Surface Development in 1903 With Annotated Shaft Locations [plate 2]
2021
Map: 33.3 in x 38.2 in, scale 1 in = 100 ft
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Mines in the Area Adjacent to the City of Florence in 1928 [plate 3]
2021
Map: 29.7 in x 19.7 in, scale 1 in = 1/4 mile
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Florence Iron Mining District Covering Part of Florence County [plate 4]
2021
Map: 36.3 in x 26.8 in, scale 1 in = 1/2 mile
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Florence Mine Level 1 With Annotated Shaft Locations and Surface Features [plate 5]
2021
Map: 52.8 in x 24.3 in, scale 1 in = 100 ft
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Florence Mine Level 1 (1910), Northwest Ore Zone [plate 7]
2021
Map: 27 in x 19 in, scale 1 in = 60 ft
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Florence Mine Level 2 (1907), Northwest Ore Zone [plate 9]
2021
Map: 27.1 in x 18.8 in, scale 1 in = 60 ft
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Potential Effects of Climate Change on Stream Temperature in the Marengo River Headwaters
Cold-water trout habitat in Wisconsin is projected to substantially decrease as a result of climate change. The extent of habitat loss depends, in part, on groundwater discharge to streams, which can provide cool-water refuges for trout. Survey hydrogeologists used field measurements and models of groundwater flow and stream temperature to evaluate how...-
GFLOW Groundwater Flow Model of the Marengo River Headwaters [dataset 1]
2021
Data: Groundwater flow model
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Geodatabase - Three Baseflow Scenarios for the Marengo River Headwaters [dataset 2]
2021
GIS Data: File geodatabase
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Measurements of Water Chemistry, Streamflow, and Stream Temperature from the Marengo River Headwaters [dataset 3]
2021
Data: Data (spreadsheets)
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Simulated Baseflow of the Marengo River Headwaters with 21% Increase in Recharge [plate 2]
2021
Map: 11 in x 17 in
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Simulated Baseflow of the Marengo River Headwaters with 12% Decrease in Recharge [plate 3]
2021
Map: 11 in x 17 in
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Bedrock Geology of Dodge County, Wisconsin
Dodge County lies in southeast Wisconsin, an area almost entirely covered by glacial deposits. This map interprets the distribution of the buried bedrock units across the county. Geologist Esther Stewart’s refinement of the bedrock elevation contours may help land-use planners identify areas most susceptible to groundwater contamination from applications...
Publications Catalog
Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey
