Portable X-Ray Fluorescence (pXRF) Measurements of Uranium and Thorium in Madison, Wisconsin, Water Utility Wells 4 and 27

Concentrations of radium at or above the health standard in a Madison municipal well prompted the water utility to request assistance from the Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey to better understand the source of the radium. This report documents a series of analyses performed on the elemental composition of rock samples from the affected well and a nearby well.